DBA, Developer, Author, Trainer

سالها قبل کار سختی بر دوش ادمینهای سولاریس بود و آن پچ‌کردن سیستمها بود! پچ‌کردن ساعت‌ها سیستم را داون می‌کرد و آماده‌سازی برنامه بک‌اوت حتی از این هم بیشتر طول می‌کشید. اغلب به سیستمهای لینوکسی نگاه می‌کردیم و اینکه چه راحت می‌توانستیم آنها را پچ کنیم حسرت میخوردیم. اما در سولاریس ۱۱ اوراکل زندگی را برایمان آسان کرد. حالا پچ‌کردن حتی از لینوکس هم بهتر شده است. با سیستم پچ‌کردن جدید نه تنها می‌توان سیستم را با یک ری‌بوت ساده پچ کرد، بلکه برنامه بک‌آوت هم جزئی از سیستم عامل شده است. به همین خاطر برگشتن به حالت قبلی سیستم هم درست به اندازه‌ی ری‌بوت ساده است!‌ این ابزار جدید هوشمند هم هست و دیگر لازم نیست ساعت‌ها صرف نصب آپدیت برای کامپوننت‌هایی کنیم که در سیستم نیستند. و بهتر از همه اینکه همه‌ی اینها در سیستم‌عامل جاسازی شده‌اند و توسط اوراکل پشتیبانی می‌شوند. هیچ نیازی به ابزارهای پشتیبانی نشده نیست.

اول از همه پیش از آغاز پچ‌کردن از سیستم عامل بک‌آپ می‌گیریم. مدیریت محیط بوت با beadm command جدید ساده است. فقط باید محض احتیاط از سیستم عامل در حال اجرا بک‌آپ بگیریم.

از beadm command برای ساختن BE جدید به نام demo1 استفاده می‌کنیم.

root@Solaris112:~# beadm create demo1

حالا می‌بینید که ما محیط نصبی به نام سولاریس و محیط جدیدی به نام demo1 داریم. نشان R بیانگر فعال بودن سیستم مورد نظر است و نشان N بیانگر این نکته است که سیستم با ری‌بوت بعدی به کار گرفته خواهد شد.

root@Solaris112:~# beadm list

BE Active Mountpoint Space Policy Created
— —— ———- —– —— ——-
demo1 – – 70.0K static 2014-10-08 22:28
solaris NR / 3.33G static 2014-07-04 19:57

root@Solaris112:~#

سیستم‌های سولاریس به طور پیش‌فرض به ریپازیتوری عمومی پچ متصل هستند و می‌توان آن‌ها را با توجه به این ریپازیتوری پچ کرد. بروزرسانی سیستم ساده است و تنها به یک دستور احتیاج دارد. pkg update تمام بسته‌های ریپازیتوری را مادامی که سرور می‌تواند به سیستم عمومی اوراکل دسترسی داشته باشد، بروزرسانی می‌کند. همچنین می‌توانید یک سیستم داخلی ایجاد کرده و یا به ریپازیتوری خصوصی‌ای متصل شوید که شامل نرم‌افزارهای اضافی و سطوح پچ جاری بیشتری می‌شود. Pkg همچنین به صورت خودکار یک BE جدید ایجاد می‌کند.

حالا بیایید پچ کردن را شروع کنیم. به یاد داشته باشید که در اولین برخوردتان با ریپازیتوری عمومی می‌بایست لیسانس اوتی‌ان را قبول کنید. این کار را می‌توان با اضافه کردن –accept در دستور pkg انجام داد.

“pkg update –accept”

root@Solaris112:~# pkg  update --accept

در اولین بار، تمام legalize را از اوتی‌ان خواهید گرفت.

------------------------------------------------------------

Package: pkg://solaris/consolidation/osnet/osnet-incorporation@0.5.11,5.11-0.175.2.0.0.42.2:20140624T183842Z
License: lic_OTN

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پس از تمام شدن این بخش، خلاصه‌ای از بسته ها و فایلهای بروزرسانی‌ شده به شما ارائه می‌شود. در این مورد من سولاریس ۱۱.۲ بتا را به سولاریس ۱۱.۲ پچ کردم، و از همین رو بروزرسانی‌های خوبی در کار بودند.

Packages to remove: 1
 Packages to update: 535
 Create boot environment: Yes
Create backup boot environment: No

DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) SPEED
Completed 536/536 9333/9333 237.4/237.4 481k/s

PHASE ITEMS
Removing old actions 3719/3719
Installing new actions 4339/4339
Updating modified actions 15017/15017
Updating package state database Done
Updating package cache 536/536
Updating image state Done
Creating fast lookup database Done
Updating package cache 1/1

همچنین مشاهده می‌کنیم که ابزار  pkg یک BE جدید ساخته است.

A clone of solaris exists and has been updated and activated.
On the next boot the Boot Environment solaris-1 will be
mounted on '/'. Reboot when ready to switch to this updated BE.
Updating package cache 1/1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: Please review release notes posted at:
http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E26502&id=SERNS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ما می‌توانیم از "beadm list" استفاده کنیم و محیط جدید را ببینیم. در راه اندازی آتی "solaris-1" خواهد شد و از آن استفاده می‌شود.

root@Solaris112:~# beadm list
BE Active Mountpoint Space Policy Created
-- ------ ---------- ----- ------ -------
demo1 - - 70.0K static 2014-10-08 22:28
solaris N / 7.24M static 2014-07-04 19:57
solaris-1 R - 5.23G static 2014-10-08 22:51

همچنین با استفاده از دستور pkg می‌توان نسخه کنونی کرنل را هم مشاهده کرد و به سراغ عرضه‌ی آن رفت و شماره‌ی نسخه‌ی آن را به طور دقیق فهمید.

root@Solaris112:~# pkg info kernel
 Name: system/kernel
 Summary: Core Kernel
 Description: Core operating system kernel, device drivers and other modules.
 Category: System/Core
 State: Installed
 Publisher: solaris
 Version: 0.5.11
 Build Release: 5.11

Branch: 0.175.2.0.0.37.1
Packaging Date: April 23, 2014 05:15:55 PM
 Size: 33.60 MB
 FMRI: pkg://solaris/system/kernel@0.5.11,5.11-0.175.2.0.0.37.1:20140423T171555Z
root@Solaris112:~#

حالا بیایید ری‌بوت کنیم.

root@Solaris112:~# reboot

پس از بک‌آپ گرفتنت یکبار دیگر شماره‌ی نسخه را چک می‌کنیم:

root@Solaris112:~# pkg info kernel
 Name: system/kernel
 Summary: Core Kernel
 Description: Core operating system kernel, device drivers and other modules.
 Category: System/Core
 State: Installed
 Publisher: solaris
 Version: 0.5.11
 Build Release: 5.11
 Branch: 0.175.2.0.0.42.2
 
Packaging Date: June 24, 2014 06:55:42 PM
 Size: 33.62 MB
 FMRI: pkg://solaris/system/kernel@0.5.11,5.11-0.175.2.0.0.42.2:20140624T185542Z

می‌بینید که به عرضه‌ی جدیدی از محصول کوچ کرده‌ایم. برای اعمال تمام پچ‌ها تنها به یک ری‌بوت احتیاج داریم.

حالا بیایید نگاهی به beadm بیندازیم.

root@Solaris112:~# beadm list
BE Active Mountpoint Space Policy Created
-- ------ ---------- ----- ------ -------
demo1 - - 70.0K static 2014-10-08 22:28
solaris - - 10.52M static 2014-07-04 19:57
solaris-1 NR / 5.31G static 2014-10-08 22:51
root@Solaris112:~#

حالا solaris-1 فعال شده و تا زمان بوت بعدی فعال باقی خواهند ماند. اما دست نگه دارید. اگر بخواهیم به نسخه قبلی برگردیم چه اتفاقی می‌افتد؟

می‌توانیم از beadm برای فعال کردن یک محیط دیگر استفاده کنیم و خیلی ساده تنها یک ری‌بوت انجام دهیم. برمی‌گریدم به “solaris” BE.

root@Solaris112:~# beadm activate solaris

حالا بیایید وضعیت beadm را چک کنیم.

broot@Solaris112:~# beadm list
BE Active Mountpoint Space Policy Created
-- ------ ---------- ----- ------ -------
demo1 - - 70.0K static 2014-10-08 22:28
solaris R - 4.23G static 2014-07-04 19:57
solaris-1 N / 1.08G static 2014-10-08 22:51

می‌بینیم که ضمن فعال بودن “solaris” BE، سولاریس پس از ری‌بوت هم در نسخه‌ی کنونی اش باقی می‌ماند. حالا می‌توانیم ری‌بوت کنیم... و حالا برگشته‌ایم به سیستم‌عامل‌مان پیش از پچ! بسیار ساده‌تر از لینوکس. هر سوالی داشتید از طریق بخش تماس با من که پیوندش در بالای صفحه است بپرسید.

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